Inhaltsverzeichnis
Rosetta Stone Linux (or Inter-Linux)
The following scheme compares some commands and tasks by some distributions, to face differences and similarities. Maybe it's usefull when switching to an other Linux-Distributon.
package management
| Action | Debian1) | Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora2) | openSUSE3) | Gentoo4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| update repositories | aptitude update | – | zypper refresh | emerge –sync |
| install upgrades | aptitude safe-upgrade | yum update | zypper update | emerge -u[p]D world |
| search package by name | aptitude search [package] | yum list [package] | zypper search [package] | emerge -s [package] |
| show package description | aptitude show [package] | yum info [package] | zypper info [package] | emerge -s [package] |
| install package | aptitude install [package] | yum install [package] | yast2 install / -i [package] zypper install | emerge [package] |
| show the package to wehre a specified file belongs | dpkg -S [filename] | rpm -qf [filename] | equery5) belongs [filename] | |
| which of the not installed packages ships a specified file | apt-file find [filename] 6) | yum whatprovides [filename] | -7) | |
| show content of a non-installed package available in the repositories | apt-file -F list [package] 8) | |||
| show content of a local available package file | dpkg -c [package.deb]9) | rpm -qpl [package.rpm] | ||
| show information of a local available package file | dpkg -I [package.deb]10) | rpm -qpi [package.rpm] | ||
| verify installed packages | debsums [package]11) debsums -as | rpm -V [package] rpm -Va | - | |
| extract package without installation | 1. ar xv [package].deb 2. tar -xzvf data.tar.gz | rpm2cpio [package].rpm | cpio -idmv | -12) | |
| build package from source | apt-build install –rebuild [package]13) | rpm -i [package].src.rpm cd /usr/src/packages/SPEC rpmbuild -ba [package].spec | this is done by default in gentoo | |
| compile kernel | ||||
| install required tools | aptitude install build-essential | zypper install -t pattern devel_kernel | ||
| compile kernel an build package | sudo fakeroot make-kpkg \ –revision $REVISION –initrd \ kernel_image modules_image | make oldconfig maybe rm *.spec14) make binrpm-pkg rpm -i /usr/src/packages/RPMS/i386 .. mkinitrd -k /boot/Kernel-file -i /boot/initrdfile | ||
management of users and groups
| Action | Debian15) | Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora16) | openSUSE | Gentoo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| add user | useradd [-m][-g primary group17)] user | |||
| change users primary group18) | usermod -g group user | |||
| delete user | userdel [-r] user | |||
| add group | groupadd group | |||
| add user user to a group | adduser user group19) gpasswd -a user group | usermod -aG group[,group] user gpasswd -a user group | groupmod -A user group | usermod -aG group[,group] user gpasswd -a user group |
| remove a user from a specified group | deluser user group20) gpasswd -d user group | gpasswd -d user group | groupmod -R user group | gpasswd -d user group |
| declare a user to a groups administrator | gpasswd -A user,… group | no more impelemted (since 10.x?) 21) | gpasswd -A user,… group | |
| add a list of users to a specified group 22) | gpasswd -M user,… group | |||
system settings
| action | Debian | Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora | openSUSE | Gentoo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| change umask system-wide | /etc/profile | /etc/login.defs | ||
| activate services for (Default-) Runlevel | update-rc.d [name] defaults | insserv [name] | chkconfig -a name23) | ||
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5)
The command equery shipped by the package app-portage/gentoolkit
7)
Gentoo compiles packages/software from source. So usualy it's not possible to query files against non-installed packages.
9)
-c or –contents
10)
-I or –info
11)
The MD5-databes must be initialized before with debsums_init.
12)
Because of Gentoo will be compiled from the source code of packages, it is possible to do a
emerge -f [package], then copy the package from ${DISTDIR} (e.g. /usr/portage/distfiles) and extract with tar13)
maybe you have to run apt-get build-dep [package] before to install required libraries.
14)
when doing a new revision
21)
over LDAP
22)
replace all existing memberships
